PART1–

Question 12 pts

The changes that take place during puberty such as the development of secondary sexual characteristics are due to the release of massive amounts of hormones. These hormones also affect …

Group of answer choices

reasoning ability.

our ability to employ principles of logic.

the capacity to grasp abstract concepts.

brain structure and organization.

All of the Above

Flag question: Question 2Question 22 pts

The defining characteristic of formal operational thought is …

Group of answer choices

the ability to apply logical reasoning to a problem or situation.

the ability to reason about abstract and hypothetical problems or situations.

understanding how your own actions affect the world around you.

complete self-awareness.

doing all your heavy thinking dressed in a tuxedo.

Flag question: Question 3Question 32 pts

Adolescents pride themselves on their ability to divide their attention across different tasks. Which is true in regards to multitasking?

Group of answer choices

Girls are much better at it than boys.

Most are unaware of how adversely it affects performance across tasks.

Our brains are designed for it. We were not meant to focus on just one thing at a time.

It aides when learning something new as we apply skills from the other tasks we’re working on to the new task.

I can vwatch futball, have a snack, drink cocktails xx and riteooo an exam without #zzz any problems.

Flag question: Question 4Question 42 pts

Kira is furious that her father won’t let her go out with a friend on a school night. She screams, “You have no idea what I’m feeling! You just want me to be miserable.” Her reaction indicates she …

Group of answer choices

has not yet mastered conservation.

has unreasonable parents.

has developed centration of thought.

has adolescent egocentrism.

is so confused she probably wouldn’t even like something orange. And normally all children and teens love orange!

Flag question: Question 5Question 52 pts

There have been thousands of cases of a mysterious lung disease and dozens of related deaths tied to E-Cigarettes and vaping. Despite large scale coverage of this in the media teens are still vaping. Which of the following might explain their behavior?

Group of answer choices

Adolescent Egocentrism.

Imaginary Audience.

Thinking it’s cool, they assume others think they are cool when doing it.

Personal Fable.

All of the Above

Flag question: Question 6Question 62 pts

Portnoy likes to take selfies while balancing precariously on ledges, beams and even cables at great height. Despite being aware of the nearly 300 who have died while taking a selfie doing similar things he persists. Portnoy just does not accept that anything bad will happen to him. What concept discussed in the readings and text explains his behavior?

Group of answer choices

Liberality.

The imaginary audience.

The personal fable.

Self determination.

Stupidity!

Flag question: Question 7Question 72 pts

In humans, the most important determinate of sex-related differences in brain organization is …

Group of answer choices

the sex chromosomes.

the proportions of sex-related hormones, and particularly the presence or absence of estrogen.

the proportions of sex-related hormones, and particularly the presence or absence of testosterone.

the proportions of sex-related hormones, and particularly the presence or absence of progesterone.

a vast number of genes scattered among all the chromosomes.

Flag question: Question 8Question 82 pts

An adolescent sexual episode with a same sex individual is …

Group of answer choices

a sure marker for adult homosexuality.

common to over 25% of males and 50% of females.

common only to those clearly defining themselves as homosexual.

often part of general sexual curiosity, if it does occur at all.

All of the Above.

Flag question: Question 9Question 92 pts

Gender role refers to …

Group of answer choices

the type of occupations men and women are expected to take up.

the factors that motivate the individual to act in certain ways based on one’s gender, or perception of gender.

an individual’s subjective perception of being male or female, and the degree of comfort in taking on a masculine or feminine role in society.

the culturally specific, defined set of expected attitudes and behaviors considered normal or appropriate for a particular gender.

well, actually it’s ginger roll, a light pastry flavored with a hint of ginger.

Flag question: Question 10Question 102 pts

Social-Learning theory proposes that multiple social influences contribute to the establishment of gender identity. Which of the following was not cited as one of the major influences?

Group of answer choices

Parents

Peers

Schools

Media

Economics

Flag question: Question 11Question 112 pts

Research on androgyny is based primarily upon …

Group of answer choices

Carl Jung’s concepts of animus and anima.

a view of masculine and feminine as polar opposites on a continuum.

a view of masculine and feminine as separate aspects of personality.

a view that abandons the concepts of masculine and feminine.

Andros, Supreme Warlord of the Gyny Empire!

Flag question: Question 12Question 122 pts

Sexual orientation is best conceptualized as …

Group of answer choices

an exclusive preference for either homosexuality or heterosexuality.

outgrowing bisexual tendencies and making a clear choice between homosexuality versus heterosexuality.

a place on a continuum from homosexuality to bisexuality to heterosexuality.

a preference for a particular sexual position during intercourse.

what makes television fun in the new millennium.

Flag question: Question 13Question 132 pts

Regarding the determination of homosexuality what theory was emphasized in lecture as the most likely cause?

Group of answer choices

Freud’s theory of the child failing to identify with the same-sex parent as a child.

Environmental stress such as that linked to high population density.

Variations in fetal hormone levels, or sensitivity to them, during a critical period of development.

Adult hormone levels.

Television programs with gay central characters.

Flag question: Question 14Question 142 pts

Sex education …

Group of answer choices

needs to be set up as a continuing program, beginning early in school before children enter into sexual relationships.

increases the sexual activity of children and adolescents.

is best undertaken by parents in the home, not in school.

must recognize that children and adolescents are rarely having sexual relationships, despite media hype to the contrary.

is immoral, evil and wrong. Ignorance is the only way to go!

Flag question: Question 15Question 152 pts

Overall, which age group typically focuses on negative emotions more than any other group?

Group of answer choices

Infants

Children

Adolescents/Teens

Middle-Aged Adults

Older Adults and the ElderlY

PART2–

DISCUSSION

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As I discussed elsewhere Erikson characterized the big crisis during adolescence as identity vs. role confusion. There’s a lot of struggling as one comes to grips with who they are, from simple likes and dislikes to central core elements of personality and identity. One fundamental aspect of this would be one’s sexual orientation. In modern times this can be confusing and everyone goes through a period of questioning.

But consider what it must have been like in times past. For example, imagine being a homosexual male prior to the 1970’s. That in particular was simply not acceptable in that era. People ended up denying their sexuality and often pretended to be heterosexual in order to fit with societal expectations. That would even extend to a heterosexual marriage and having children. A person’s entire life might well be a lie. That kind of role confusion had devastating effects leading to alcoholism, drug abuse, depression and suicide.

For this assignment I’d like you all to consider what it must have been like for someone who was other than heterosexual in the United States prior to the 1970’s. Imagine not being able to confide to even your closest friends or family such a central part of your identity because you feared becoming a social outcast. Along with that, consider having to pretend to be straight in order to ‘fit in’ both socially and in the workplace. Then compare that to the much more accepting atmosphere of contemporary American society. Still, things aren’t perfect, but great strides have been made.

I’m not looking for opinions on sexual orientation itself. And you need not make any declaration as to your own sexual orientation. I’m simply asking you to consider what that experience would have been like in the past and how it has changed in modern times. What are the implications in terms of the individual’s growth and development as a person?

PART 3–

This assignment is intended to tie together everything we’ve covered regarding childhood. We’ve seen that at all levels schools play a role in both academic and social development. Grades schools, middle schools and high schools all provide unique environments and different opportunities for multiple facets of development. After reading the text chapters, lecture readings and articles as well as watching the videos thus far presented consider the role schools play. How does the material regarding schools and education apply to what went on during the peak of the recent pandemic? There were many changes in how school was being conducted and the effects varied quite a bit between early childhood, middle childhood and adolescence. Some schools went completely online for quite some time, some came to have limited face-to-face meetings, while some (particularly private schools) quickly returned to pretty much normal operations. This varied quite a bit from one location to another.

As many of you are aware we’ve found that certain age groups, and people with different learning styles, adapted better to this than others. In addition, the impact varied disproportionately as those already at a disadvantage were the hardest hit as they didn’t have the resources to effectively access online materials. So, the big question is whether this was really handled well.

And don’t forget that athletics were affected by the school closures as well. For many that was just as big of a loss. Athletics provides friendships and camaraderie, the development of both cooperative skills and leadership abilities as well as academic opportunities through scholarships for the older students.

Obviously many questions have been raised and the debate continues as to whether shutting down schools and athletics caused as many problems as keeping them open might have done. What’s your analysis based on what you now know about development at these different ages and the role of schools and education? For this assessment I’d like you to compare the effects on grade school children, middle school children and high school children as you address at least three of the following questions, whichever you feel strongest about.

• What do you think schools should have done?
• How long should schools have remained closed?
• What does developmental psychology indicate regarding the effects of restricting access to schools and athletics?
• What about the effects of social isolation? Which age group is hardest hit by that?
• What might be the long-term effects of this on academic achievement and opportunities moving forward?

Cite material from class to support your assertions, but feel free to bring in outside sources and personal experiences as well. Some of you were directly affected by this, some had children dealing with all of this. Your insights are just as valuable as the research.