Case

Calculate the 12 ratios for James Confectioners for this year.

6 James Confectioners—Part 1

Squeezed by Rising Costs, a Confectioner Struggles to Cope

Telford James and his wife Ivey are the second-generation owners of James Confectioners, a family-owned manufacturer of premium chocolates that was started by Telford’s father, Frank, in 1964 in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. In its nearly 50 years, James Confectioners has grown from its roots in a converted hardware store into a large, modern factory with sophisticated production and quality control equipment. In the early days, all of Frank’s customers were local shops and stores, but the company now supplies customers across the United States and a few in Canada. Telford and Ivey have built on the company’s reputation as an honest, reliable supplier of chocolates. The prices they charge for their chocolates are above the industry average but are not anywhere near the highest prices in the industry even though the company is known for producing quality products.

Annual sales for the company have grown to $3.9 million, and its purchases of the base chocolate used as the raw materials for their products have increased from 25,000 pounds 20 years ago to 150,000 pounds. The Jameses are concerned about the impact of the rapidly rising cost of the base chocolate, however. Bad weather in South America and Africa, where most of the world’s cocoa is grown, and a workers’ strike disrupted the global supply of chocolate, sending prices upward. There appears to be no relief from high chocolate prices in the near future. The International Cocoa Organization, an industry trade association, forecasts world production of cocoa, from which chocolate is made, to decline by 7.2 percent this year.1 Escalating milk and sugar prices are squeezing the company’s profit margins as well. Much to James and Ivey’s dismay, James Confectioners’s long-term contracts with its chocolate suppliers have run out, and the company is purchasing its raw materials under short-term, variable-price contracts. They are concerned about the impact that these increases in cost will have on the company’s financial statements and on its long-term health.

Ivey, who has the primary responsibility for managing James Confectioners’s finances, has compiled the balance sheet and the income statement for the fiscal year that just ended. The two financial statements appear below:

Balance Sheet, James Confectioners
December 31, 20xx

			Assets
Current assets
Cash			$ 161,254
Accounts Receivable			$ 507,951
Inventory			$ 568,421
Supplies			$ 84,658
Prepaid Expenses			$ 32,251
	Total Current Assets		$ 1,354,536
Fixed assets
Land			$ 104,815
Buildings, net			$ 203,583
Autos, net			$ 64,502
Equipment, net			$ 247,928
Furniture and Fixtures, net			$ 40,314
	Total Fixed Assets		$ 661,142
Total Assets			$ 2,015,678
			Liabilities
Current Liabilities
Accounts Payable			$ 241,881
Notes Payable			$ 221,725
Line of Credit Payable			$ 141,097
Accrued Wages/Salaries Payable			$ 40,314
Accrued Interest Payable			$ 20,157
Accrued Taxes Payable			$ 10,078
	Total Current Liabilities		$ 675,252
	Long-term Liabilities
Mortgage			$ 346,697
Loan			$ 217,693
	Total Long-term Liabilities		$ 564,390
			Owner’s Equity
James, Capital			$ 776,036
	Total Liabilities and Owner’s Equity		$ 2,015,678
Income Statement, James Confectioners
Net Sales Revenue			$3,897,564
	Cost of Goods Sold
Beginning Inventory, 1/1/xx		$ 627,853
+ Purchases		$2,565,908
Goods Available for Sale		$3,193,761
− Ending Inventory, 12/31/xx		$ 568,421
Cost of Goods Sold			$2,625,340
Gross Profit			$1,272,224
	Operating Expenses
Utilities		$163,698
Advertising		$155,903
Insurance		$ 74,065
Depreciation		$ 74,043
Salaries and Benefits		$381,961
E-commerce		$ 38,976
Repairs and Maintenance		$ 58,463
Travel		$ 23,385
Supplies		$ 15,590
	Total Operating Expenses		$ 986,084
	Other Expenses
Interest Expense		$119,658
Miscellaneous Expense		$ 1,248
	Total Other Expenses		$ 120,906
	Total Expenses		$1,106,990
Net Income			$ 165,234

To see how the company’s financial position changes over time, Ivey calculates 12 ratios. She also compares James Confectioners’s ratios to those of the typical firm in the industry. The table below shows the value of each of the 12 ratios from last year and the industry median:

Ratio Comparison

	James Confectioners
Ratio	Current Year	Last Year	Confectionery Industry Median*
*from Risk Management Associates Annual Statement Studies.
Liquidity Ratios
Current ratio		1.86	1.7
Quick ratio		1.07	0.8
Leverage Ratios
Debt ratio		0.64	0.7
Debt-to-Net-Worth ratio		1.71	1.0
Times-Interest-earned ratio		2.49	2.3
Operating Ratios
Average Inventory Turnover ratio		4.75	4.9
Average Collection Period ratio		34.6	23.0 days
Average Payable Period ratio		31.1	33.5 days
Net-Sales-to-Total-Assets ratio		2.17	2.1
Profitability Ratios
Net-Profit-on-Sales ratio		7.40%	7.1%
Net-Profit-to-Assets ratio		9.20%	5.6%
Net-Profit-to-Equity ratio		29.21%	16.5%

“How does the financial analysis look for this year, Hon?” Telford asks.

“I’m about to crunch the numbers now,” says Ivey. “I’m sure that rising chocolate prices have cut into our profit margins. The question is ‘how much’?”

“I think we’re going to have to consider raising prices, but I’m not sure how our customers will respond if we do,” says Telford. “What other options do we have?”

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QuestionsCalculate the 12 ratios for James Confectioners for this year.