Pharmacology Discussion replies wk 8

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Reply to each post with 2 paragraphs including references.

Post#1 – Glenn

Vitamin deficiencies can result from various factors, such as inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption, and certain medical conditions. Discuss one condition that increases the risk of vitamin deficiencies. How can healthcare professionals identify at-risk patients and develop appropriate intervention strategies to prevent or address these deficiencies?

A condition that can increase the risk of vitamin deficiencies is celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where gluten consumption damages the small intestine’s lining. The disease leads to malabsorption of vital nutrients, including essential vitamins and minerals, causing these deficiencies. This disease is considered hereditary and develops at any age once gluten is introduced into their diet. If untreated, long-term effects include coronary artery disease and small bowel cancers (Celiac Disease Foundation, n.d.). Vitamins and minerals deficient in celiac disease include vitamins B6 and B12, vitamin D, iron, calcium, folic acid, copper, and zinc. (Celiac Disease Foundation, n.d.).

Healthcare providers can identify at-risk patients through various means, including obtaining a complete medical and family history, diet, current medications, and lifestyle. Diagnosing celiac disease is done with blood tests and biopsies. The most common blood test is to find out if you have the antibodies IgA for celiac disease. If the test is positive, it is recommended to have a small intestine biopsy to confirm the diagnosis (Celiac Disease Foundation, n.d.). Once diagnosed with celiac disease, your healthcare provider will provide interventions and strategies to prevent and address the disease. Educating patients is very important to understand the disease process and know what changes are needed to live comfortably with the condition. Because gluten is the main culprit in this disease, assisting the patient in seeking a registered dietician so they can be provided with a strict gluten-free diet. Supplementing with vitamins and minerals the patient may be deficient in is also essential, such as vitamin B12, folate, vitamin D, and calcium. It is also recommended to follow up with your healthcare provider after diagnosis within 3-6 months and then yearly to follow progress and to add or make changes to the treatment plan (Celiac Disease Foundation, n.d.).

Post#2- Jenny

Vitamin deficiencies can result from various factors, such as inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption, and certain medical conditions. Discuss one condition that increases the risk of vitamin deficiencies. How can healthcare professionals identify at-risk patients and develop appropriate intervention strategies to prevent or address these deficiencies?

One condition that increases the risk of vitamin deficiencies is celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder in which the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, triggers an immune response that damages the lining of the small intestine (Burchum & Rosenthal, 2018). This damage leads to malabsorption of various nutrients, including vitamins. The fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K and water soluble vitamins B12 and folate are particularly at risk for deficiency in individuals with celiac disease (Burchum & Rosenthal, 2018).

To identify at-risk patients, healthcare professionals should consider celiac disease as a potential cause of unexplained vitamin deficiencies, especially if a patient presents with GI symptoms like diarrhea, abdominal pain, skin rash, fatigue, or weight loss (Burchum & Rosenthal, 2018). Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to check for specific antibodies and confirmation through intestinal biopsy (Burchum & Rosenthal, 2018). Once celiac disease is diagnosed, healthcare professionals should conduct a comprehensive nutritional assessment. This assessment may involve measuring serum vitamin levels and assessing dietary habits to identify existing deficiencies. Patients with undiagnosed celiac disease may have avoided gluten containing foods, leading to an unbalanced diet. Depending on the specific nutrient deficiencies, healthcare professionals can recommend appropriate interventions. THis can include vitamin supplementation to correct deficiencies and a gluten free diet. Nutritional counseling is crucial to help patients understand how to obtain necessary vitamins and minerals from their diet.